Another historic fact that has been concealed from our history is that the first and foremost crop to be grown in America was “hemp” or “marijuana.” Each of the Founding Fathers owned large hemp plantations. The colonists made rope, flags, homespun clothing, sails, writing paper and medicine from the processed hemp and the sterilized seed was used in baking, called sesame seeds. The Declaration of Independence and the Constitution are actually written on hemp paper.
The introduction of tobacco eventually changed the score because tobacco was so naturally addictive that England couldn’t get enough of it and purchased all the colonists could grow. Tobacco sold for more money than hemp however hemp had more practical uses. Many colonial farmers split their land into two: half hemp and half tobacco, whereas others changed over to all tobacco. All of the colonists grew corn, potatoes, squash, apples, cabbage and raised chickens, beef and dairy cattle, and sheep but that was for their own personal consumption and not for export.
There are over 120 known cannabinoids in the cannabis plant. The most well-known cannabinoid, Delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), is responsible for the psychoactive and psychotropic properties of the cannabis plant. Detla-8 THC is another cannabinoid found in the cannabis plant, and it provides mildly mood-altering effects like its more well-known cousin, but not to the same extent.
Delta-8 products containing no more than 0.3% Delta-9 THC on a dry-weight basis appears to be lawful on the federal level and are lawful in many states across the country as well.
Marijuana in America
Once marijuana began putting down roots across Asia, Europe, and the Middle East, it simply couldn’t be stopped. The plant’s usefulness and hardiness made it a key ingredient in everything from clothing to ship sails. In fact, it was so useful that when it was brought to the New World in the 1600s, settlers were required to cultivate marijuana plants! You could even use hemp as legal tender in Pennsylvania, Virginia, and Maryland.
All the way up until the Civil War, hemp was used industrially. After the war, it started to be replaced with other, imported materials. However, in the late 19th century, marijuana regained a bit of popularity as an ingredient in all kinds of medicinal concoctions.
Marijuana as Medicine FDA Products
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved one plant-based marijuana drug and two medications made from synthetic chemicals that mimic the actions and effects of THC. These medications are only available with a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider:
- Epidiolex contains purified CBD from the marijuana plant. The drug is approved for treating seizures associated with two rare and severe forms of epilepsy (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome and Dravet syndrome) as well as seizures associated with a rare genetic disorder (tuberous sclerosis complex).
- Dronabinol (brand names: Marinol and Syndros) and nabilone (brand name: Cesamet) are made from lab-created chemicals that act like THC by turning on cannabis receptors in the brain. These two medications are used to treat nausea in patients with cancer who are undergoing chemotherapy treatment and to increase appetite in individuals with AIDS who do not feel like eating (wasting syndrome).
Cannabis Controversy
At the dawn of the 20th century, the history of marijuana took a turn for the worse. After the Mexican Revolution, racial tension between Americans and the growing influx of Mexican immigrants was used as a driving force in the criminalization of marijuana.
Cannabis became associated with the immigrants, and various influencers dogpiled on the substance, attributing horrific crimes to marijuana use. By 1931, 29 U.S. states had banned cannabis outright.
Of course, we can’t forget about the classic propaganda film Reefer Madness.
This 1936 film cemented marijuana as a wildly dangerous substance in the public eye and shaped the governmental approach to cannabis for the next several decades.
The Modern History of Marijuana
From the 1930s all the way up to the 90s, marijuana went on lockdown. In the 50s, the government instituted mandatory minimum sentencing for all drug-related offenses, destroying lives and communities while doing nothing to stem the tide of marijuana usage. While mandatory minimum sentencings were mostly repealed in 1970, much damage had been done.
The first sign of a break in the clouds for marijuana came in 1996 when California legalized medical cannabis use and possession.
After this first step, marijuana legalization has ended up on the ballots of many states in the years to come. Although it has taken decades, the public’s opinion of marijuana has changed significantly enough that legislation is finally catching up.
President Trump made history by legalizing hemp when he signed the Agriculture Improvement Act of 2019 (aka the 2018 Farm Bill) on December 20, 2018. The huge law included the first change to the nation’s cannabis laws in almost fifty years. This opened the floodgates for farmers that want to get into the hemp industry to provide a new crop to help boost failing ag commodity prices.
Key Takeaways from 2018 Farm Bill for Hemp
- Removed Industrial hemp from the Controlled Substances Act;
- Defined Industrial hemp as cannabis sativa with less than 0.3% Delta-9 THC by dry weight;
- legalized interstate commerce in industrial hemp;
- set the USDA as the agency to create the rule for industrial hemp.
- industrial hemp production is still unlawful if done without a USDA license, or in a state without an USDA approved industrial hemp production plan.
- Hemp is high in cannabidiol (CBD), but with practically zero tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)
- raw cannabis is very low in Delta-9 THC
Hemp Before the 2018 Farm Bill
Even before the 2018 Farm bill fully legalized industrial hemp, the 2014 pilot program spearheaded by Senator Mitch McConnell (R-KY) provided a smaller program to explore the new commodity in various states. The pilot program became very popular in the tobacco producing states surrounding Kentucky and provided a real cash crop for farmers that had to turn away from the tobacco as it continued to decline in popularity.
The 2014 Farm Bill regarding the research aspect of industrial hemp will still apply until the USDA issues its final administrative regulations by the end of 2019, or at the latest before the 2020 crop year. The 2014 Farm Bill required the hemp research to comply with a State’s similar hemp pilot program to avoid interference from the DEA. These rules will continue until the final rule are in place. While both cannabis sativa, hemp is legally defined as the plant with less than 0.3% THC, while Marijuana has more than 0.3.
How the 2018 Farm Bill Will Increase CBD Supply
CBD hemp has a spot price that, as of April of 2019, is approximately $4.00 per pound per percentage of CBD. Most industrial hemp is about 10-12% CBD. After it is harvested, the flower is “shucked” from the remainder of the plant and sold by the pound. The CBD rich hemp flower then goes through an extraction process that separates the plant material from the cannabinoids.
The extraction process may temporarily cause the total amount of THC in the extract to exceed the 0.3% limit for industrial hemp, but this can be corrected with further processing and also occurs after the hemp has been tested for being the maximum levels.
Before the 2018 Farm bill, CBD businesses operated in a borderline legal status that exploited the Department of Justice policy, like the Cole Memo, that enabled state-law compliant cannabis companies (medical marijuana, adult use, or industrial hemp) to operate without federal interference.
After the 2018 Farm Bill, CBD companies have ramped up both production and certain claims about CBD that has raised eyebrows at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
FDA Regulations for CBD Hemp Products
FDA regulations prevent herbal supplement companies from making misleading claims that their products are effective in treating or preventing certain diseases. This is why on many of the bottles of herbal supplements, whether vitamin-C or CBD, disclaimers – like this:
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
How the Definition of Hemp Made Marijuana Legal
All cannabis, whether marijuana or hemp, has very low levels of delta-9 THC in its raw plant form. However, the 2018 Farm Bill specifically defined hemp as have less than 0.3% delta-9 THC. Most marijuana falls under that definition, until it is heated too over approximately 250 degrees Fahrenheit, when the acid on it decarboxylates into the delta-9 THC.
As a result, much of the industrial hemp may actually have about 0.7% total THC, but far less than 0.3% delta-9 THC. Producers of hemp have opted to test their cannabis plants with high-performance liquid chromatography, which tests the chemicals without heat, opposed to gas chromatography, which heats it and causes false positives.
Somes states, like Illinois, has mandated through its rules that the hemp must be tested after decarboxylation. This fixes the problem because then no one can claim their total THC somehow does not count, but only its mostly absent delta-9 THC. We will find out by the end of 2019 how USDA defines its rules for testing.
The 2018 Farm Bill Expressly Legalized Interstate Commerce in Hemp
Page 435 of the 2018 Farm bill provided guidance to the states that industrial hemp is legal and so is its commerce. it provides:
SEC. 10114. INTERSTATE COMMERCE. (a) RULE OF CONSTRUCTION. —Nothing in this title or an amendment made by this title prohibits the interstate commerce of hemp (as defined in section 297A of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (as added by section 10113)) or hemp products. (b) TRANSPORTATION OF HEMP AND HEMP PRODUCTS. —No State or Indian Tribe shall prohibit the transportation or shipment of hemp or hemp products produced in accordance with subtitle G of the Agricultural Marketing Act of 1946 (as added by section 10113) through the State or the territory of the Indian Tribe, How the 2018 Farm Bill Legalized Hemp and Maybe Even Marijuana (cannabisindustrylawyer.com)
It’s no secret that people in the U.S. — and all over the world — use marijuana for the treatment of numerous ailments: sleep deprivation, anxiety, PTSD, nausea, anorexia, addiction, pain; the list goes on. In fact, marijuana has been used for its medicinal properties for over three thousand years.
Civilizations across the globe and throughout history have used marijuana to treat both pain and symptoms of various health conditions. In fact, a Chinese surgeon by the name of Hua Tuo first used cannabis as an anesthetic, and as a result the Chinese term for “anesthesia” now translates to “cannabis intoxication.” The medicinal applications of marijuana go so far back in history, but it’s these current day applications what will pave the way to nationwide legalization.
Marijuana’s medicinal uses will pave the road to nationwide legalization.
So far, the FDA has approved three cannabinoids for medical use: the drugs Epidiolax, Dronabinol, and Nabilone. To be more specific, cannabinoids are different types of individual molecules in marijuana that are used in health care. Dronabinol and Nabilone are synthetic cannabinoids that are approved by the FDA to use for certain disease related symptoms — such as the treatment of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer patients.
But this all started in 1992, when the FDA first approved the use of Dronabinol for the treatment of anorexia — particularly anorexia in AIDs patients. Since then, both Dronabinol and Nabilone have been found to have many other medical applications. Doctors have even started prescribing the synthetic cannabinoids for the treatment of anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV). ANV is often referred to as classically conditioned nausea and it often occurs in cancer patients as an anticipatory reaction to receiving chemotherapy. This is particularly helpful to cancer patients, as ANV is often difficult to control through traditional measures, such as using oral antiemetics like Zofran.
What Is the Difference Between Sativa and Indica Marijuana?
Which Cannabis Strain Is Right for You, Sativa or Indica?
Effects of Cannabis:
The effects of marijuana can vary greatly depending on sub-species and strain. The plant species Cannabis sativa L. has two main sub-species used for medicinal purposes: Cannabis indica and Cannabis sativa.
Indica Effects: Indica strains are known as sedatives/relaxants and are effective for treating the symptoms of medical conditions such as anxiety, chronic pain, insomnia, muscle spasms and tremors. Indica’s generally have higher levels of CBD and other cannabinoids than Sativa’s, which may result in a sedated effect. Because Indica strains may cause feelings of sleepiness and heaviness, many patients prefer to medicate with this type of cannabis at night.
Potential Benefits: Aids in sleep; Reduces pain; Muscle relaxant; Relieves spasms.
Stimulates appetite; Reduces nausea; Bronchiole-dilator and expectorant; Reduces intra-ocular pressure; Relieves headaches and migraines; Reduces inflammation; Reduces anxiety and stress.
Sativa Effects: Sativa dominant strains are known to have stimulant qualities, and be effective in appetite stimulation, relieving depression, migraines, chronic pain and nausea Sativa’s generally have a higher level of THC than lndicas, which results in a psychoactive and energetic effect. Because sativa strains may cause feelings of alertness and optimism, many people prefer to medicate with this type of cannabis during the day.
Potential Benefits: Reduces nausea; Energizes and stimulates; Promotes creativity.
Stimulates appetite; Relieves headaches and migraines; Fights depression; Relaxes muscles; Relieves pain; Acts as an expectorant.
Hybrids and crossbreeds of indica and sativa strains produce varieties that carry some characteristics of each parent. For example, adding sativa to indica strains adds mental clarity and decreases sedation effects. Adding indica to sativa strains can decrease or even eliminate the sativa tendency to stimulate anxiety. Instead of using pure indica or pure sativa, many patients can benefit from the use of hybrid strains.
When browsing cannabis strains or purchasing cannabis at a dispensary, you’ll notice that strains are commonly broken up into three groups: indica, sativa, and hybrid. Most consumers and budtenders use these weed types to predict effects, but are they accurate?
Science is pointing to a better way of determining the effects a cannabis strain will have on you: cannabinoids and terpenes, the compounds that make up a particular strain’s chemical profile.
So why do smokers and budtenders alike still use indica, sativa, and hybrid instead of the cannabinoid and terpene model?
There’s a big push in the cannabis industry to disavow the indica/sativa/hybrid classification system because it is not based in data and science—the terms are botanical names that refer to a plant’s structure, not the effects it produces.
However, most of the cannabis industry, including shops where you buy weed, is still stuck in classifying strains as either indicas, sativas, or hybrids for one main reason: It’s easy. Give a consumer three options—up, down, or in-between—and you can easily explain how a certain strain will make them feel and sell a product. Like it or not, the indica, sativa, hybrid classification system is still entrenched in the world.
Both models have value, and consumers of all levels can use both. For an easier, more general way to pick a weed strain and its effects, the indica/sativa/hybrid model may work for you. Once comfortable with cannabis, you may want to dig into the nuances of weed a bit more, and learn about chemical profiles, cannabinoids, and terpenes—our preferred method.
However, even today, the belief that indicas, sativas, and hybrids deliver distinct effects is still deeply rooted in mainstream cannabis culture. If you’ve ever been to a dispensary, you’ve likely heard a budtender begin a strain recommendation by asking which of those three types you prefer, but the science doesn’t support that.
In 1753, Carl Linnaeus published Species Plantarum, classifying all cannabis plants under one group, “Cannabis sativa L.,” with “Cannabis” as the genus, “sativa” as the species, and “L.” indicating Linnaeus’ system. “Sativa” comes from the Latin “sativum,” meaning “cultivated.”
French biologist Jean-Baptiste Lamarck updated the naming in 1785 with two distinct species: “Cannabis sativa,” a taller, lankier, and more fibrous plant, and “Cannabis indica,” a shorter, stouter, and more psychoactive plant, its name meaning “from India,” where it was thought to originate.
These definitions largely refer to each weed type’s physical structure and are still used today.
Sativas Typically thought to be energizing, sativas originally grew in warm, humid climates, growing long and lanky so they can dry out and not absorb so much humidity. Their warm climate also means they can take a long time to grow and flower, or produce buds, because the weather won’t get cold and rainy at the end of the growing season.
Indicas Typically said to be relaxing, indicas originally grew in cold, northern climates. They grew short and dense because of their environment, and their growing life cycle is shorter so they can get harvested before the cold and wet of fall and winter set in.
Cannabinoids and terpenes
So, if indica and sativa aren’t the best predictors of effects, what are?
What are cannabinoids?
The cannabis plant is composed of hundreds of chemical compounds that create unique effects, and the primary ones are cannabinoids. THC and CBD are the two most common cannabinoids and are the main drivers of cannabis’ therapeutic and recreational effects.
- THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is the compound that most think of when talking about weed—it’s what makes you feel high, and relieves symptoms like pain and nausea.
- CBD (cannabidiol) is a non-intoxicating compound known to alleviate anxiety, pain, inflammation, and many other medical ailments.
Everything You Need to Know About Consuming THC Distillates
The cannabis industry has evolved from the time when smoking was the only option for consuming cannabis.
Today, there is a fascinating range of products with different consumption methods. One such form is THC distillate.
But what is THC distillate? Let’s delve deeper into THC extract to understand more about this potent product whose purity levels can be up to 99%.
What Are THC Distillates?
As mentioned earlier, THC distillates are high-purity cannabis extracts with a thick oily consistency and clear gold in color.
Distillates are usually sold in syringes, so you can conveniently use the plunger to pump out your required dosage. If that’s not your preference, you can also get cannabis distillates in solid form.
Evaporation and pressurization are the processes used to separate THC (tetrahydrocannabinol) from the cannabis plant.
All cannabinoids evaporate at a unique temperature compared to other cannabinoids. This characteristic makes it easy to manipulate the extraction process and capture THC.
This combination of processes eliminates any other compounds that are not THC, including terpenes, cannabinoids, and flavonoids, so the substance that remains behind is pure or near-pure THC.
How Are THC Distillates Made?
The initial stage of making distillate, or THC “juice”, involves selecting a cultivar plant. Depending on your preference, you can choose to make an Indica distillate, Sativa distillate or a hybrid distillate.
After harvesting the cannabis, the plant is dried and cured to ready it for extraction.
During extraction, solvents such as butane, ethanol and carbon dioxide are used to separate plant material from essential compounds such as cannabinoids and terpenes.
Once the plant materials such as stems, leaves and bud are removed, the solution is now ready for the next step, distillation.
The distillation process used here is similar to that used in breweries to make alcohol. A distillation apparatus is used to separate compounds sequentially, including:
Removal of terpenes:- Because THC distillates are almost pure, even beneficial compounds such as terpenes are removed. Terpenes are compounds responsible for the unique flavours and scents of cannabis plants. Some terpenes have been found to also contribute to the medical benefits of cannabis.
Removal of solvents:- Stem distillation removes harmful compounds such as carbon dioxide, ethanol, butane and other unwanted elements such as fertilizer, lipids and remaining plant materials from the solvent.
Extractions of THC:- To avoid denaturing essential THC components from the solution, the distillation equipment will be heated to a specific temperature. THC can then evaporate from the solution. Afterward, it will be condensed into a liquid for collection.
What Are the Best Ways to Use THC Distillates
When it comes to consuming THC distillates, the phrase “less is more” holds true. Because the THC distillates have up to 99% THC content, you will experience intense highs using less product.
Also, start with small doses and work your way up as you build tolerance.
Here are some tried and tested ways of getting high potency distillate into your bloodstream.
1. How To Use Distillates In Edibles And Beverages
Can you eat THC distillates? The answer is a resounding yes. Most commercial edibles are made by infusing THC distillates into the product’s ingredients.
THC distillates lack flavour or odour. Therefore, this works well and will not affect the final product’s taste or smell. Also, the product’s recipe won’t need unique manipulation to obtain consistent results when the distillate is added.
What about beverages? Can you put distillate in a drink? Absolutely! You only need to add a few drops of this highly potent distillate into your favourite drink and drink away. Suffice to say, you can mix distillate in water.
For a more intense effect, use a steaming cup of your favourite beverage, whether tea or coffee, to end up with some weed beverage.
2. How To Use Distillates In Tincture: Can You Eat Distillate THC Oil?
The tincture is consumed sublingually by placing a few drops under the tongue. The liquid is then absorbed into the bloodstream through blood capillaries under the tongue. The remaining oil suspension is then swallowed.
The ingested THC oil will go through the normal digestion process, and any THC compounds remaining will be broken down in the liver to give a psychoactive effect.
Otherwise, the THC directly absorbed from the tongue leads to a rapid onset of effects similar to vaping or smoking.
3. How To Dab THC Distillates
If you’ve been looking into dabbing THC distillates, you’ve probably come across distillate syringe dabs.
THC distillates are sold in syringe packaging, which goes by a host of names: THC syringes, dab dart, cannabis syringes, and distillate syringe dabs.
To dab THC distillate, set up your rig, heat the nail until it turns red, let it cool for about 40 seconds, apply your THC distillate, and begin inhaling slowly.
4. How To Smoke Distillates
To smoke THC distillates, apply a few drops to your flower before rolling it up, or add the drops to your bong, light it up and smoke. Intense effects are sure to set in almost immediately.
Advantages of THC Distillates
THC distillates are especially attractive for medical marijuana patients because of their potency and purity.
Most THC distillates found in the market are over 96 percent pure. What this means for patients is that their symptoms will be relieved using only small doses of the product.
Here are other essential benefits of THC distillates.
1. THC Distillates Are Versatile in Consumption
THC distillates can work whether you prefer smoking, vaping, oral ingestion, suppository ingestion, or sublingual ingestion.
This versatility in consuming THC makes them easy to ingest discreetly.
If you have a medical condition that requires regular cannabis dosage, there is no need to walk around with a bong or constantly puff vast clouds of smoke that will draw attention from every which way.
Instead, popping some pills, applying some distillate sublingually or ingesting THC infused edibles will suffice.
2. Purity
How pure are distillates? Are distillates safe? If you’re worried about the chemical such as ethanol, butane, and carbon dioxide used during THC distillate extraction, remember all other compounds extracted are removed from the solvent. So the final product is high potency distillate.
This process leaves behind THC extract that is almost 100% pure. This purity level also speaks to the potency of distillates.
THC distillates have hard-hitting effects that will last you a good while.
Medical Benefits Of THC Distillates
If you’re a medical marijuana user and have developed a tolerance for low concentration Cannabis products, THC distillates might be the thing you need.
THC distillates may help relieve conditions such as loss of appetite and insomnia. Together with that, THC may also mitigate both physical and mental health conditions thanks to its hard-hitting effects.
If you need relief from physical symptoms such as migraines, inflammation, chronic pain, or nausea, THC can help with that.
THC distillates can also help in the management of mental health conditions such as depression, anxiety, and stress.
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Why Tinctures Are a Great Way To Use Cannabis
What is a cannabis tincture?
A tincture in the most basic sense is a cannabis extract, in which a liquid is infused with cannabis, meant for sublingual consumption, not vaporization or smoking. The cannabis plant soaks in a base liquid, such as food-grade alcohol, glycerin, or even oil, and after days of steeping, the plant matter is strained out and—voilà! The cannabinoids, terpenes, and other compounds have melded with the base liquid, ready to dose and consume.
Technically, the term “tincture” specifically refers to an alcohol-based product and one made with oil or glycerin is an “infusion,” but we’re using it as an umbrella term here.
In the adult-use market, tinctures typically come in 1 fl oz (30mL) glass bottles with droppers to administer low and consistent doses. Because they are not considered a food item, they can exceed the 100 mg THC cap on edibles in many markets. Ack Natural Tinctures are 215mg per bottle.
TINCTURE VS. EDIBLES
While both tinctures and edibles require ingestion to work, they enter the bloodstream via different bodily systems and will have distinct effects.
Edibles require digestion and are processed in the stomach and liver, and enzymes in the liver enhance the effects of ingested THC. Tinctures do not pass through the liver and are absorbed under the tongue, so while the high will be more immediate, it won’t be as strong.
Benefits of using cannabis tinctures
While they may not seem as edgy as other consumption methods, tinctures have endured in apothecaries and dispensaries for centuries because they are considered one of the healthiest ways to consume cannabis.
FAST-ACTING
If taken sublingually, tinctures’ effects have a speedier onset than eating an edible, since they absorb through the tissue in the mouth (though it will take a little longer than smoking). This also means tinctures last longer than smoking a joint, but may metabolize faster than an edible made with fats, like baked goods.
For maximum efficacy, use the dropper to deposit the tincture under the tongue, and let it sit for 30 seconds before swallowing.
The mouth has absorbent tissue called oral mucosa, essentially a mucous membrane that lines the inside of cheeks, lips, and under the tongue that helps fight disease and keeps our mouths healthy. It also absorbs tinctures and administers cannabinoids into the bloodstream directly, without going through the stomach or liver.
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What are terpenes?
If you’ve ever used aromatherapy to relax or invigorate your mind and body, you understand the basics of terpenes, the aromatic compounds commonly produced by plants and fruit. They can be found in lavender flowers, oranges, hops, pepper, and of course, cannabis. Secreted by the same glands that ooze THC and CBD, terpenes are what make cannabis smell like berries, citrus, pine, fuel, etc.
The world’s best cannabis seeds and clones to grow in 2023.
There’s never been a better time to grow the weed you want to see in the world.
Historic levels of cannabis liberation continue to democratize not only growing, but breeding. Strain creation has gone critical: Leafly’s 6,000-strain database could easily grow by 1,000 more this year. Breeders can’t invent names fast enough.
Leafly’s annual ‘World’s best cannabis seeds and clones to grow’ returns with a fresh mix of best-sellers, hype, playfulness, and diversity. Since more players have entered the game, we aim to highlight reputable breeders with high-performance beans.
We spent two days reporting at the world’s biggest seed scene—The Emerald Cup Harvest Ball in December. Afterward, we queried more than 30 esteemed breeders, growers, and experts for picks. And yup, we smoked hundreds of varieties in 2022 in pursuit of perfection, power, and pizzazz.
The world’s best cannabis seeds and clones to grow in 2023 | Leafly
Types of cannabis seeds
Indica seeds
Indica strains stand out for their optimum yield/ life cycle ratio. They are, in general, more productive than sativas and need less time to complete their development, which is also shorter. Their main advantage is that these types of cannabis seeds grow very dense buds, but that also makes them more prone to mold, specially in humid and hot areas.
Cannabis species differentiate from each other in the characteristics they display during the different growth phases. Indica seeds grow into a spruce shape that reminds us of a Christmas tree. A good way to increase the yield is to use LST techniques or perform apical prunes to make sure light reaches all the parts of the plants equally. Dark green tones and wide leaves give indicas away.
Their short height makes these types of seeds perfect for indoor cultivation or small spaces. Although, their short flowering cycle also makes them ideal for outdoors, as they’ll be ready before first frosts.
Sativa seeds
Sativa cannabis is less productive than indica plants, which will require growing more plants in order to get the same amount. However, the buds are more spongy anr airy, which grants them greater resistance against humidity and mold. THC levels are higher in sativa seeds and effects are more mental and energetic. This quality plus their exotic and tropical flavors, make sativas very popular among growers.
Just like the buds, the entire plant is stretchy and airy. The light green leaflets are quite apart from one another. Due to their height and the amount of space they need, growing sativas indoors or in balconies is always challenging, as they require pruning techniques to modify vertical growth to horizontal.
Hybrid seeds
Hybrid seeds are a combination of two different genetics, usually sativas and indicas, in order to improve strains’ characteristics. Hybridization’s goal is usually to shorten sativas’ flowering period and promote larger yields with dense and harder buds or grant indicas with exotic flavors and aromas.
Seed banks are constantly hybridizing strains to get new varieties and offer the best possible choices to their clients. When crossing two strains, you get different phenotypes, which essentially are plants with different characteristics but the same genes. Banks then choose the ones that meet the traits they are trying to stabilize and offer the best version.
Ruderalis seeds
Ruderalis seeds are less known because seed banks don’t usually sell them. They only use them as part of hybridization processes. A Ruderalis crossed with another type transforms the resulting seed into auto flowering once it is fully stabilized.
Ruderalis cannabis is a wild plant that originated in the coldest areas of north Europe, Central Russia and Siberia. The short hours of sunlight and constant frosts forced these types of plants to adapt to the environment and flower despite lack of light and harsh weather.
These types of seeds have THC levels lower than 3% and grow very little in comparison to other strains. They are compact, hefty and resistant and have a mere weed appearance. Buds are small and fat but their poor THC and CBD levels doesn’t pose any commercial interest apart from hybridizing it to obtain autoflowering plants.
Other types of marijuana seeds
Apart from all the cannabis species that exist according to the type of marijuana seed they come from; cannabis can also be classified in other ways according to their photoperiod dependence, gender or THC and CBD levels.
Regular seeds
Regular seeds were the first ones used for cannabis cultivation. Their main characteristic is that they can germinate into male and female plants. This used to be a problem for people that wanted to get large yields out of their crops because these types of seeds used to turn male 90% of the time.
Males produce the necessary pollen for females to create seeds, which can then turn into new plants, but they also produce flowers. A pollinated female will yield poor quality buds full of seeds. A way to prevent this was to get rid of the male plants once they were identified. Currently, these types of seeds are limited to growers or seed banks that create their own hybrids.
Feminized seeds
Feminized seeds have been modified so that they are incapable of creating male chromosomes, growing only the female plants that produce flowers. Feminizing any type of marijuana seed is a difficult task that requires a lot of time and try-outs to ensure consistency and stability and be able to sell them as feminized varieties.
This process is nowadays 99.9% guaranteed, therefore, there is always a small possibility to germinate a male plant. However, any type of feminized seed is always a better option than a regular one for rookie growers. This way, growers avoid learning to differentiate male from female plants and be on the alert to remove the male plants on time. They also assure obtaining buds at the end of the cultivation process with just basic care.
Auto flowering seeds
Auto flowering seeds change phases regardless of their surrounding characteristics. They are auto programmed to enter the flowering period after a certain amount of growth weeks. They are very easy to grow because they can develop even with just a few hours of daily sunlight. As a matter of fact, they are very resistant to light pollution, which means interrupting their hours of darkness won’t affect them.
These seeds are perfect to start gaining growing experience or for people that don’t have enough time to dedicate to their plants. Of course, proper care will increase the final yield.
Auto flowering seeds are created by crossing a regular or feminized seed with a Ruderalis. This way, the new seeds will have a shorter life cycle, the plants will be smaller, more resistant and capable to flower under nearly any circumstance. These plants are ready for harvest 10-12 weeks after their germination. Although they are less productive than feminized, it compensates with the amount of auto flowering crops that can be carried out throughout the year.
CBD seeds
All the different types of cannabis seeds of CBD have the same characteristics as feminized, regular or auto flowering seeds but with CBD levels higher than usual. On plenty of occasions THC levels are lowered to the maximum in order for the strains to be used for medical purposes.
However, these seeds aren’t suitable to make CBD based products because their THC levels are never as low as required by current regulations, which is at this moment 0.2%. Hemp seeds are more suitable for that purpose. Either way, CBD-rich marijuana seeds produce more relaxing and de-stressing effects than other seeds.
Hemp seeds
Contrary to CBD seeds, these types of cannabis seeds do have THC levels lower than 0.2%; therefore, CBD content is predominant. Also called industrial hemp, these seeds are ideal to extract CBD and create products for therapeutic uses. However, CBD levels provided by hemp seeds will never be as high as the one provided by CBD seeds.
Industrial hemp seeds aren’t suitable only to extract cannabidiol. Hemp plants are perfect to make resistant fibers for the textile industry, paper, insulating elements, ropes, motor fuels, paint, cosmetics, etc. Hemp seeds can be ingested in oil form, full, raw, toasted or in flour.
Fast version seeds
Just like CBD seeds, these types of cannabis seeds have the same characteristics as other marijuana seeds, but their growth cycle is shorter than usual, and they are intended to be harvested before October frosts.
Plenty of these seeds complement each other. Sativa’s, indicas, hybrids or Ruderalis can also be feminized, regular, auto flowering or fast version. Hemp seeds are only sativas.
Mastering The Cannabis Seedling Stage in Just 3 Steps
The seedling stage can be a looming challenge for novice growers. With these three simple steps, however, even inexperienced growers can manage their cannabis seedlings with confidence.
Step 1: Pick the Right Genetics, Containers, and Medium for Your Seedlings
When sourcing your seeds, be sure to actively search out the right strain for you; your experience and skill as a grower, budget, grow equipment, preferences in taste and effect, and whether you’re growing indoors or outdoors will determine which strain will yield the best results for you.
As for the medium, we always recommend growing in a light, well-aerated, slightly acidic soil with a pH of 6.3–6.5. We recommend using between 20–50% perlite in your medium to aid with soil aeration and nutrient retention. The more nutrients you plan to give your plants, the more perlite you should add to your soil to help with drainage and prevent nutrient lockout.
Remember to water just around the stem of your seedlings, and only once the soil has completely dried out (see the section on over/underwatering below for more info). Also, keep in mind that seedlings (especially auto flowering varieties) are extremely sensitive to nutrients. Never plant them into hot (nutrient-rich) soil and don’t start feeding them until they’ve grown 3–4 sets of true leaves.
When it comes to picking pots, we recommend the following approaches for auto flowering and feminized seedlings.
The Right Pots for Auto flowering Cannabis Seeds
When growing autoflowers, we recommend planting them directly in their final pots. Because of their short life cycle, it’s best to avoid putting auto flowering strains through any kind of unnecessary stress, including transplanting. While the exact pot size you use will vary depending on the strain you’re growing and the size of your grow space, most auto growers use pots between 5–15l.
The Right Pots for Feminized Cannabis Seeds
If you’re growing feminized seeds, transplanting isn’t as much of an issue since these plants have time to recover from the stress. Using Easy Start germination pots, you can support robust health right from the beginning. You’ll want to transplant your seedlings just before they start outgrowing their starter pots. We typically recommend transplanting once they’ve grown sets of true leaves that spread out to cover the full circumference of their current container.
From here, most indoor growers move their plants directly into 12l pots, but you can go above or below that to suit your particular strain and grow setup. Keep in mind that you can (and should) up-pot feminized photoperiod plants a few times to max-out development, meaning you don’t need to transplant your seedlings into a giant pot right away.
From cheap nursery containers to sophisticated smart pots, growers are spoilt for choice when it comes to picking the right container for their cannabis plants. And while it’s possible to grow great weed in cheap plastic propagation containers, there are a couple of things you’ll want to keep in mind when choosing pots for your weed plants.
1. Drainage holes
Make sure your pots drain well to protect your plants against fungal pathogens and root rot. If your pots don’t already contain holes (or some other kind of mesh to allow runoff), you’ll need to puncture them yourself.
2. Aeration
One of the functions of a plant’s substrate is to serve as a site for air exchange between the roots and the environment. Smart pots like the RQS Fabric Pot help your plant’s roots respire by allowing more oxygen to reach them. This translates into faster, more vigorous growth, healthier plants, and a better harvest.
3. Pot size
Keeping tiny seedlings in huge pots increases the risk of overwatering, as your plant’s roots won’t be big enough to extract all the water from their substrate. Any water that stays in the substrate will effectively drown the roots and attract pathogens and pests into your garden/grow room. Mastering The Cannabis Seedling Stage In Just 3 Steps – RQS Blog (royalqueenseeds.com)
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Flower That’s Truly Out of This World
Our hemp-derived Delta 8 Sour Space Candy Premium Flower is a strain like no other. The dense, multicolored buds are flavored with a sweet and sour yet earthy taste. Its purple, orange, and green hues are a delightful indicator of its rich cultivation of terpenes.
Additionally, this hemp flower contains 8.4% CBD and 31.1% hemp-derived Delta 8 THC.
What Sets Us Apart from Other CBD Producers
- All products are organically grown without microbial, mycotoxins, heavy metals and pesticides or foreign matter
- All of our tinctures, lotions, and wax are made in-house with the highest quality ingredients.
¼ pound $47.50 each Ounce = $190.00
½ pound $42.50 each Ounce = $336
1 pound $32.90 Per Ounce Price =$526
https://nuggy.co/cbd-use-dosage-calculator/
How many milligrams of THC?
The ideal edibles dose depends on a lot of things, including tolerance, individual body chemistry, body weight, and the experience you’re looking for. Here are some basic guidelines to help you find the right dose, measured in milligrams (mg).
1 – 2.5 mg THC edibles (microdose)
- Effects: Mild relief of symptoms like pain, stress, and anxiety; increased focus and creativity. Most users do not feel any intoxication at this dose.
- Who it’s for: First-time consumers or regular consumers looking to microdose.
3 – 5 mg THC edibles (low)
- Effects: Stronger relief of pain and anxiety symptoms; euphoria; may impair coordination and alter perception. Five milligrams is a dose that can intoxicate some users.
- Who it’s for: Standard recreational use; consumers seeking relief from persistent symptoms not addressed by smaller doses; people looking for a good night’s sleep.
10 – 15 mg THC edibles (moderate)
- Effects: Effective relief for pain, nausea and anxiety symptoms; impaired coordination and altered perception;
- Who it’s for: High-tolerance THC consumers (both recreational consumers and medical patients); unaccustomed consumers may experience adverse effects. This is the maximum single dose for an edible in pieces, such as smaller cookies, gummies, mints, and chocolate bar pieces.
20 – 30 mg THC edibles (high)
- Effects: Very strong euphoria; very likely to impair coordination and alter perception.
- Who it’s for: Consumers with significant THC tolerances; patients with decreased GI absorption.
50 – 100 mg THC edibles (very high)
- Effects: Seriously impaired coordination and perception; increased possibility of adverse side effects, including nausea, anxiety, and increased heart rate.
- Who it’s for: Experienced, high-tolerance THC consumers; patients living with cancer, inflammatory disorders, or conditions that necessitate high doses.
Decarboxylation is the most important process when making edibles, tinctures, and other consumable goods.
Decarbing activates the plant’s most essential cannabinoids: tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD).
Home decarboxylation machines are the most essential – and often overlooked – steps in making edibles, helping you take some of the confusion out of cooking time. Decarboxylation machines take care of decarbing the weed. One easy to control step.
High End Machine – $200 ++
++ What works the Best: Around $85
When you are done using the machine, you will want to seal it in plastic bag with a sealer machine as it will smell. Seal well and put away odor free.
If you use the oven vs machine, a LOT IS LOST:
Digital Food Kitchen Scale Measures in Grams and OZ
Automatic Vaccuum Sealer Machine $15 – $25
32 OZ Jar – Will hold 8 OZ of Flower after Decarbing. 16 OZ Jar – Will hold 4 OZ
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How to Mirror sites online. Here is how it works:
Download what you want to save, here is how:
How to Mirror sites online. Here is how it works:
Making a mirror of your website is not the same as making a backup. When you mirror your website, you download a copy of all of the files that make up your website (images, CSS and JavaScript files), as well as static versions of the HTML. You can easily get people to host this mirror for you. Unlike a backup, it will look just like your website, but it’s important to understand that a mirror of your website is not an exact copy. It is a static copy, meaning that you can’t do anything dynamic such as log in, edit posts, or post comments.
- When you make a mirror of a website you download every single page on the website. For large websites, you might be making hundreds or thousands of requests to the web server, and it may take a lot of time or bandwidth. For small websites it should finish fairly quickly.
Wget – GNU Project – Free Software Foundation
GNU Wget GNU.org
GNU Wget is a free software package for retrieving files using HTTP, HTTPS, FTP and FTPS, the most widely used Internet protocols. It is a non-interactive command line tool, so it may easily be called from scripts, cron jobs, terminals without X-Windows support, etc.
